El sentido de la vida es un tópico en filosofía. Este trabajo trata de ofrecer una respuesta acerca de qué se puede entender por el «sentido deportivo de la vida». Para ello se recurre a la filosofía de José Ortega y Gasset y sus comentaristas, pero también de Gustavo Bueno. Se desarrollan cada uno de los sintagmas de la expresión para, a continuación, enfrentar directamente la pregunta conductora de nuestra investigación: «¿Merece la pena dedicar la vida al deporte extremo?». Se (...) concluye que responder a esa pregunta exige establecer un criterio de valor extrasubjetivo; lo cual no es tarea fácil. (shrink)

According to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the frequency of positive emotions is associated with the development of positive attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors in organizational contexts. However, positive and negative attitudes at work might also be influenced by different personal and job resources. While emotional intelligence has been significantly associated with positive job attitudes and personal well-being, no studies have yet examined the joint role of teacher happiness and emotional intelligence in key teacher job attitudes. The present study assesses (...) whether emotional intelligence interacts with levels of teacher happiness to jointly explain important teacher job attitudes. A total sample of 685 teaching professionals filled out a battery of scales including subjective happiness, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Our results revealed that subjective happiness was significantly associated with both higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Likewise, emotional intelligence was positively related to happiness and job satisfaction, and negatively related to turnover intention. Finally, interaction analysis showed the main effects of happiness and emotional intelligence in explaining teacher job attitudes. Beyond the main effects, the interaction effects of happiness and emotional intelligence were significant in predicting all teachers' job attitude indicators, even controlling for the effects of their sociodemographic variables. This work expands our knowledge about the role of teachers' positive emotions in the development of positive work attitudes, and also supports the inclusion of emotional skills in future teacher preparation programs as resources to facilitate work-related well-being. (shrink)

Este artículo trata de inventariar y enjuiciar las críticas que desde la filosofía de la ciencia se han realizado al psicoanálisis freudiano desde hace 30 años atrás y que hasta la fecha aún gozan de buena salud entre algunos profesores de metodología de la ciencia y algunos psicólogos que quier..

Este ensayo aborda la relevancia de lo que se discute en la filosofía de la ciencia. La filosofía no se trata de hablar cosas complicadas usando un lenguaje difícilmente comprensible para tratar problemas que sólo los mismos filósofos consideran importantes. Preguntas como ¿Es real el mundo en q..

En 1895 Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) escribe Las Reglas del Método Sociológico (RMS). No se trataría ya de metafísica social o de filosofía social sino de una sobria práctica epistemológica asentada en la Universidad y legitimada social y políticamente. Descartes y Durkheim pueden ser considerados..

RESUMEN: En el presente artículo se intentará demostrar que la libertad de conciencia y religiosa conforman un único derecho que tienen como fin proteger las creencias e ideologías de las personas, independientemente de su carácter religioso o secular. Por ende, se sostendrá que la fórmula adoptada por el sistema jurídico colombiano de promover el fenómeno religioso es contraria al principio de igualdad porque privilegia una visión del mundo teísta frente a otras visiones, también válidas en un Estado constitucional y pluralista (...) como el colombiano.ABSTRACT: In this article we will try to demonstrate that the freedom of conscience and religion constitute a single right that have as a purpose to protect the beliefs and ideologies of people, regardless of their religious or secular character. Therefore, it will be argued that the formula adopted by the Colombian legal system to promote the religious phenomenon is contrary to the principle of equality because it privileges a view of the theist world against other visions, also valid in a constitutional and pluralist state like Colombia.PALABRAS CLAVES: libertad de conciencia, libertad religiosa, estado laico, neutralidad religiosa, separación KEYWORDS: freedom of conscience, religious freedom, secular state, religious neutrality, separation. (shrink)

Chromosome segregation requires the ordered separation of the newly replicated chromosomes between the two daughter cells. In most cells, this requires nuclear envelope (NE) disassembly during mitotic entry and its reformation at mitotic exit. Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) results in the mixture of two cellular compartments. This process is controlled through phosphorylation of multiple targets by cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)‐cyclin B complexes as well as other mitotic enzymes. Experimental evidence also suggests that nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport of critical cell cycle regulators such (...) as Cdk1‐cyclin B complexes or Greatwall, a kinase responsible for the inactivation of PP2A phosphatases, plays a major role in maintaining the boost of mitotic phosphorylation thus preventing the potential mitotic collapse derived from NEB. These data suggest the relevance of nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport not only to communicate cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments during interphase, but also to prepare cells for the mixture of these two compartments during mitosis. (shrink)

Wilhelm Ostwald, Ernst Mach y Pierre Duhem se encuentran entre los más relevantes críticos del atomismo de finales del siglo XIX. Repasamos y analizamos los argumentos que aducen dichos autores para oponerse a la concepción atomista de la materia. Mostramos cómo esos argumentos surgen de posiciones filosóficas de fondo sobre el fundamento de la naturaleza, el objeto de la ciencia y el papel de la metafísica. Comparamos dichas posiciones filosóficas. Y enmarcamos la crítica del atomismo en el problema epistemológico más (...) general de la explicación para mostrar la tensión entre explicación y experiencia, y su relación con la metafísica. (shrink)

La introducción al ensayo relaciona la escritura y la supervivencia en Unamuno y en Lledó -en el primero como voluntad multidimensional y en el segundo como memoria viva colectiva- y después compendia la vida y la obra de Emilio Lledó El ensayo comenta varios textos de la obra de Lledó Memoria de la ética acerca de la muerte y de la existencia extendida en la época clásica de la cultura y la filosofía griegas. Como conclusión, y a partir del epicureísmo (...) de Lledó, se reafirma una cierta distinción entre las propuestas de una teoría de la vida post-mortem basada en la pervivencia por la memoria y otra que apunta a la vida perdurable por el impulso del ánimo o thymós. (shrink)

The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were investigated against the background of the Health Belief Model. A convenience sample of N = 325 participants completed an online survey including an ad-hoc questionnaire measuring the HBM core factors: Perceived health threat, and perceived quarantine benefits (...) and costs. Self-efficacy and perceived social pressure were also measured. Based on reviews regarding pandemic outbreaks, quarantine benefits were conceptualized as the perceived effectiveness and solidary contribution of self-isolating in line with the quarantine protocols. Quarantine “psychosocial” costs were conceptualized as a composite of perceived boredom, loneliness, and economic concerns. Findings revealed an asymmetrical pattern of results so that people at higher risk were more distressed by the perceived severity of getting infected whereas people at lower risk were more distressed by the psychosocial costs. Moreover, resilience and optimism were more “protective” against distress within the lower and higher risk groups, respectively. In addition, quarantine benefits and self-efficacy promoted the intention to self-isolate within both groups. However, optimism hindered such intention. This finding is discussed in the light of links between dispositional optimism and optimistic bias; the underestimation of experiencing negative events, which can relax the perceived health risk. Based on these findings, communication campaigns should prioritize information about the effectiveness of the implemented preventive behaviors rather than the costs of not implementing them, and be cautionary in encouraging excessive optimism. (shrink)

The question of whether the entrepreneur is born or made, forces us to respond that the entrepreneurial culture clearly breaks with the myth that entrepreneurs are born. Currently, it is considered that entrepreneurial skills can be acquired like any other discipline and that is why it should be taught. Their teaching and learning are key to the well-being of the teacher and to the positive achievement of the students. The entrepreneurial culture is an educational objective of developed societies and has (...) its origin in the business culture. There are two current models, American and European. The one that develops in the Extremadura region, based on the European model, tries to create a vital state in the participating students that enhances competences such as creativity, personal initiative or self-confidence, elements that try to generate a true motivation to undertake. The motivated, accomplished and positive teacher contributes to that achievement and achieving it favors the well-being of teachers. It’s a round trip. It is a “do ut des.” In our research, we evaluated four entrepreneurial culture programs in the classroom: “Junioremprende,” “Teenemprende,” “Experemprende,” and “Youthemprende.” The teachers involved in the programs are 356, and the valid questionnaires are 154. The students enrolled in the programs are 4800, and the questionnaires valid 1198. In the questionnaire, one of the key questions is “general teacher satisfaction,” with 17 common questions for all the programs. An essential question posed is: “I am satisfied with the achievements obtained by my students to participate in the program” The results of our research, according to a seven-point Likert scale, gives a very high degree of teachers’ satisfaction. Their satisfaction was centered on the perception of their teachings are conducive to the achievement of his students. The degree of teacher satisfaction for each of the programs and significantly means differences were found with Junior program resulted the more satisfied for teachers. For students, participation in the programs resulted in high development of entrepreneurial competencies. Similarly to teachers results, Junior program was found more significant in developing students’ entrepreneurial competencies indicating that entrepreneurial education is very appropriate for children. Findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurial education should be encouraged for students at every stage of education. (shrink)

El coaching ejecutivo ha dado lugar a numerosos desarrollos de orientación básicamente prescriptiva. Una perspectiva crítica y con base empírica puede permitir ir más allá de la retórica del coaching e identificar las tensiones y las contradicciones de los procesos de coaching en un contexto organizacional, como entorno relacional y cultural. El objetivo de este trabajo es acercarnos críticamente al coaching ejecutivo individual en la práctica, estableciendo las diferencias entre lo preconizado por las teorías y los expertos del coaching y (...) lo que se hace en las empresas. Mediante 50 entrevistas en profundidad a coaches y coachees, identificamos cuatro grandes discursos sobre el coaching ejecutivo: a) herramienta de crecimiento personal; b) relación diádica; c) resolución de problemas en equipos de trabajo; y d) mecanismo de cambio organizacional. El análisis muestra las tensiones y las contradicciones ad intra y entre los discursos y, con ello, la importancia de considerar el contexto organizacional. (shrink)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment, the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.MethodsStructural MRI was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT profiles, namely, A−T−−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−−: AD pathologic change; and A+T++: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.ResultsAn initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe areas was found in the A+T−− and (...) A+T++ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T++ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status.ConclusionsMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers. (shrink)

Este trabajo lleva a cabo un estudio de caso descriptivo en un aula de 4º de la ESO en la que se aborda, desde Geografía e Historia, la cuestión problemática de la memoria histórica a partir de la dictadura franquista. La experiencia didáctica se orientó a transformar los contenidos programados en el libro de texto y promover el diálogo y la reflexión. El objetivo era observar si el alumnado era capaz de entender, asumir y reivindicar, desde una perspectiva crítica, el (...) período histórico presentado, aplicándolo posteriormente a otros aprendizajes. La metodología y los instrumentos fueron de tipo cualitativo. Se confirma que 1) el alumnado muestra interés por la memoria como objeto de conocimiento; 2) da sentido al conocimiento histórico y lo pone en valor, lo que redunda en una educación basada en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico; y 3) adquiere una conciencia cívica para situarse críticamente en el presente y proyectarse en el futuro. (shrink)

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the presence and current situation of the game of skittles throughout the northern route of the Camino de Santiago. Thus, we considered its current practice, modalities, where it is played, and its different manifestations as an informal and formal game, comparing it with other traditional games on this pilgrimage route. To do this, a mixed qualitative-quantitative study was designed with 89 participants, constituting an informant for each municipality through which the Northern (...) Way passes. An ad hoc questionnaire was used for the data collection, which was processed through content analysis by expert judges and by using the IBM-SPSS statistical package. The results of the study show notable skittles activity on the Northern Camino, reflected in the number of skittles alleys, the number of clubs, associations, and peñas participating in federated leagues, and the wide range of varieties of skittles currently active on the Camino. The relationship between skittles and local culture, both symbols of identity in these northern Spanish regions, made it possible to preserve the traditional heritage in these places, keeping it alive today, despite the push toward new and more attractive leisure and sport trends. (shrink)

La escuela de la Teoría Crítica de la sociedad tuvo como baluarte el texto "Dialéctica de la Ilustración" escrito por Max Horkheimer y Teodoro Adorno. En él, los autores se lamentan del deplorable estado de la tradición científica occidental, ya que los avances de la actividad científica modern.

The island of Ibiza is a western Mediterranean destination known internationally for its nightlife. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal to classify the different types of premises in the Ibiza nightlife offer. This involves making a first definition that allows to delimit which businesses are parts of the sector. The methodology used is based on the case study and specifically, on the review of the promotional actions and activities carried out, completed with the visit to the (...) premises. The classification has been made based on the offer marketed and not only on the legal forms used, as innovation goes ahead of the existing legal classifications. Although it is a particular application, due to the international importance of Ibiza, it is a good starting point to classify the nightlife offer of many other tourist destinations. The resulting typology divides the sector into two large groups: nightclubs and other premises. While nightclubs have musical parties as their main activity declared, the other premises have accommodation or catering as their main activity, with music being an element of differentiation. Nightclubs are divided into several subgroups, depending on their size and relevance. The other premises are subdivided into Beach Clubs, Hotel Clubs, Party Boats, Lounge Clubs, Disco Pubs, among others. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief reading of Tractatus 6.421 and its consequences in 6.432 and following, adding to it an sketch of so-lution, which takes hold on the idea, present in his lessons and conver-sations, of "super-mechanism".

We propose a review of the theoretical assumptions of Social Policy as autonomous and normative science, in his history, doctrinal plurality and institutional diversity, especially on the current model of the Welfare State. Also, we discuss the impact on the same issue of a new social question, the integral human development, at the beginning of XXI century, in relation with the “social Europe”, the welfare society and the globalization.

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

According to a growing body of studies, people’s ability to forecast future emotional experiences is generally biased. Nonetheless, the existing literature has mainly explored affective forecasting in relation to specific events, whereas little is still known about the ability to make general estimations of future emotional states. Based on existing evidence suggesting future-oriented disposition as a key factor for mental health, the aims of the current study were (1) to investigate the relationship between negative (NA) and positive (PA) affective forecasting (...) biases and perceived psychological well-being, and (2) to explore whether positively biased predictions are associated with resilience and foster one’s skills to cope with stressful events. To do so, we asked 85 undergraduate students to forecast PA and NA over 2 weeks, as well as to report their daily affect through a web-based Ecological Momentary Assessment. According to the results, positively biased PA forecasting (i.e., overestimating positive emotional states) was associated with greater perceived psychological well-being and higher resilience. When high levels of stress were experienced, participants holding an optimistic, yet biased, estimation of future PA were more likely to successfully manage stressors, thus maintaining lower levels of NA and higher levels of positive emotions. We suggest that positively biased PA forecasting is an adaptive cognitive distortion that boosts people’s resilience and mental health, thus opening new avenues for the promotion of psychological well-being. (shrink)

Our chapter interrogates the conditions that give rise to the possibility of the Event and proposes a Lacanian-Badiouian perspective to think through conditions for the truth procedures of love and politics. First, we situate the Event, Possibility and Truth in both Badiou and Lacan, which brings forward conceptual tensions between truth and knowledge as presented in the psychoanalytic act. We propose with Badiou and Lacan that the emergence of possibility follows a logic that rupture compulsive repetition and whose effect is (...) precisely the Event which results in knowledge of a savoir faire, of transmissible quality, that grant re-inscription (a new writing of the necessary) and/or a partial inscription of the impossible. The notion of love as beyond narcissism, allows us to discuss how to reimagine politics anew, including approaching it through the problem of ecology. (shrink)

El surgimiento de la teoría de la relatividad de Einstein a principios del siglo XX suscitó el debate sobre la vigencia de la filosofía kantiana. El positivista Schlick sostenía que esta quedaba refutada, pues estaba indisolublemente ligada a la física de Newton y a los conceptos de espacio y tiempo absolutos. Los neokantianos Natorp y Sellien defendían la vigencia de Kant basándose en la diferencia entre filosofía y ciencia. Cassirer y Reichenbach abogaban por un neokantismo modificado basado en principios constitutivos. (...) Y Einstein y Carnap rechazaban tanto kantismo como positivismo puros abrazando el holismo epistemológico. (shrink)

Este artículo de revisión examina la importancia que tienen las comunidades microbianas que colonizan los ambien­tes y equipos de procesado de alimentos formando biopelículas o biofilms en la persistencia microbiana en la industria alimen­taria y consecuentemente, en la seguridad y la calidad de los alimentos. La atención se centra especialmente en biopelículas formadas por microorganismos no deseados, es decir, microor­ganismos alterantes y patógenos. Se presenta información so­bre la variabilidad intraespecífica en la formación, la ecología y la arquitectura de las biopelículas, (...) y los factores que influyen en su formación. Asimismo, se resume la información disponible sobre nuevos agentes o estrategias para el control de la forma­ción o eliminación de biopelículas. (shrink)

El confinamiento 2020 – 21 obligó a la humanidad a adaptarse al nuevo modo de vida y creación de nuevos escenarios con tecnologías que transformaron espacios físicos y tradicionales de enseñanza, abruptamente reemplazados por escenarios virtuales. Este estudio transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado aplicando formularios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes y docentes de Diseño UCTemuco; recogió la percepción e implementación de la docencia a distancia realizada y evaluó el retorno presencial. Levantamos fortalezas, dificultades y oportunidades en esta nueva forma de (...) enseñanza que se nos desafía interpelándonos a raíz de aprendizajes adquiridos, emergentes metodologías, plataformas educativas y políticas de internacionalización institucionales. (shrink)

With the advent of COVID-19, a sudden, unexpected, and forced shift has been produced in the field of psychotherapy. Worldwide, many therapists closed their offices and started to deliver psychotherapy online through a screen. Although different media started to be incorporated, videoconferencing is undoubtedly the most common way in which therapists are doing therapy these days. This is catalyzing a rapid change in the practice of psychotherapy with probable lasting effects and deserves to be carefully reflected upon. Therefore, in this (...) paper our aim is to outline the main challenges for a medium that may have arrived to stay. In that sense, we review the literature to describe the state-of-the-art regarding the main aspects of videoconferencing psychotherapy as well as to suggest possible avenues for future research and practice. (shrink)

Se presenta una experiencia didáctica basada en la gamificación para la enseñanza de Historia del Arte en 2º de Bachillerato. Sobre la base del juego Party & Co., se diseñó un juego específico, ad hoc, para enseñar el Arte de las Primeras Vanguardias. Su implementación en el Colegio Hispano-Alemán de Madrid se desarrolló durante el curso 2020-2021. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy satisfactorios, hasta el punto de haberse vuelto a poner en práctica -con algunas mejoras- durante el pasado curso académico.

Childhood obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet, is one of the main problems in today’s Western societies. In this sense, the aim of the study was to analyze students’ perceived satisfaction in physical education classes with learning strategies and engagement in learning and critical thinking as determinants of healthy lifestyle habits. The study involved 2,439 high school students aged 12–18 years (M= 14.66,SD= 1.78). Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the predictive relationships between the study (...) variables. The results showed that teaching, teaching mastery, and cognitive development are precursors to deep thinking on the part of students, indicators of the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits. These results reflect the importance of the methodology adopted by the teacher in order to positively influence the students’ habits. (shrink)